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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Intraluminal Drug Delivery to the Mouse Arteriovenous Fistula Endothelium
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The Endothelium in Acromegaly.

Pietro Maffei1, Francesca Dassie1, Alexandra Wennberg2

  • 1Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) excess can cause endothelial dysfunction, impacting cardiovascular health in acromegaly patients. Further research is needed to understand this link fully.

Keywords:
FMDIGF-1IMTaneurysmsatherosclerosisendothelial cellsmicrocirculationstiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) excess, as seen in acromegaly, are linked to cardiovascular complications.
  • The endothelium plays a critical role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular dysfunction, potentially serving as an early marker.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between GH/IGF-1 excess and endothelial function.
  • To explore mechanisms linking GH/IGF-1 excess to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in acromegaly.

Main Methods:

  • Review of basic science studies and clinical evidence on GH/IGF-1 excess and the endothelium.
  • Examination of various arterial districts, including microvascular and major vessels.
  • Analysis of preclinical markers of atherosclerosis and their relation to endothelial dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • GH/IGF-1 excess promotes endothelial dysfunction through increased proliferation, impaired progenitor cells, oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidant defenses.
  • These alterations are associated with atherosclerosis development in the general population.
  • Preclinical atherosclerosis markers appear impaired in acromegaly, partly due to endothelial dysfunction, though the overall cardiovascular complication link remains debated.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is a significant consequence of GH/IGF-1 excess, mediated by multiple mechanisms.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction in acromegaly is crucial for assessing cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Further investigation is needed to fully elucidate the association between acromegaly, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular complications.