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Association between Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 3 Levels and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Meta-analysis

Jiwon M Lee1, Andreas Kronbichler2, Se Jin Park3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Disease Markers
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) levels are significantly elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Higher MMP-3 indicates increased SLE activity, particularly in patients with kidney involvement.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Biomarkers
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is an emerging disease marker in rheumatic diseases.
  • Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition.
  • MMP-3 is being investigated as a potential biomarker for disease activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze the association between serum MMP-3 levels and SLE activity.
  • To evaluate MMP-3 as a putative biomarker in SLE.
  • To synthesize evidence from existing studies through meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a meta-analysis of published studies and an unpublished case-control study.
  • Searched PubMed, EMBASE, and performed forward searches up to October 1, 2018.
  • Included data from 11 publications comprising 662 cases and 771 controls, plus a pediatric SLE cohort (11 patients, 9 controls).
  • Performed subgroup analyses based on gender and disease activity.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher serum MMP-3 levels were observed in SLE patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001).
  • Elevated MMP-3 levels were found in SLE patients with nephritis compared to those without (P = 0.006).
  • This elevation was consistent in patients with persistent proteinuria (P = 0.023).
  • No association was found between MMP-3 levels and gender or anti-double strand DNA antibody titer.

Conclusions:

  • Serum MMP-3 levels are significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls.
  • Elevated MMP-3 levels are associated with renal involvement in SLE patients.
  • MMP-3 shows potential as a biomarker for SLE activity, especially kidney disease.

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