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Single-Molecule Protein Detection in a Biofluid Using a Quantitative Nanopore Sensor.

Avinash Kumar Thakur1,2, Liviu Movileanu1,2,3

  • 1Department of Physics , Syracuse University , 201 Physics Building , Syracuse , New York 13244-1130 , United States.

ACS Sensors
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel nanopore sensor for precise protein detection in biological fluids. It distinguishes specific protein interactions from nonspecific ones, enabling accurate quantification for medical diagnostics.

Keywords:
FhuAelectrophysiologyion channelmembrane protein engineeringprotein dynamicsprotein−protein interfacestochastic sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Proteomics
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Accurate protein detection in complex biological fluids is crucial for proteomics and molecular medicine.
  • Current detectors struggle to differentiate specific from nonspecific protein interactions in heterogeneous solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a selective sensor capable of distinguishing specific protein capture events from nonspecific interactions within biological samples.
  • To enable quantitative protein sampling at single-molecule precision in complex biological fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a biological nanopore functionalized with a protein bait to capture target analytes.
  • Analyzing current changes within the nanopore to differentiate between specific capture/release events (uniform openings) and nonspecific pore penetrations (irregular blockades).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a method to overcome limitations of existing detectors by differentiating specific and nonspecific protein interactions.
  • Achieved quantitative protein sampling at single-molecule precision using distinct current signatures for specific vs. nonspecific events.
  • The sensor successfully operates in complex biological fluids like mammalian serum.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanopore sensor offers a unique readout for selective protein detection, overcoming limitations of current methods.
  • This technology enables precise protein identification and quantification in clinical samples, with potential applications in disease diagnostics and prognostics.
  • Integration with nanofluidic devices and high-throughput technologies promises a transformative impact on clinical diagnostics.