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Phobos LIFE (Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment).

Bruce H Betts1, David Warmflash1, Raymond E Fraze2,3

  • 1The Planetary Society, Pasadena, California, USA.

Astrobiology
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Phobos LIFE experiment aimed to test panspermia by sending extremophiles on a 34-month space voyage. While the mission failed, its design offers insights for future interplanetary life detection missions.

Keywords:
Lithopanspermia.PanspermiaPhobos LIFESpaceflight experimentsTranspermia

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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology
  • Planetary Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The hypothesis of panspermia suggests life can travel between planets via ejected rocks.
  • The Planetary Society's Phobos Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment (Phobos LIFE) was designed to test this hypothesis.
  • Phobos LIFE was part of the Russian Phobos Grunt mission, which unfortunately failed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the scientific and engineering design of the Phobos LIFE experiment.
  • To provide a blueprint for future interplanetary life detection missions.
  • To test the survival of organisms in the harsh interplanetary radiation environment.

Main Methods:

  • The Phobos LIFE experiment utilized a patented "biomodule" containing 10 extremophile organisms from all three domains of life and a soil sample.
  • Organisms were housed in 31 individual sample containers within a titanium cylinder, simulating a meteoroid.
  • The experiment was designed for a 34-month journey outside Earth's magnetosphere to assess survival in high-radiation conditions.

Main Results:

  • The Phobos Grunt mission, carrying Phobos LIFE, failed, preventing the experiment from completing its intended voyage.
  • Data from the planned experiment, including comparisons with Earth-based controls, could not be collected.
  • The biomodule's design, including its titanium shell and redundant seals, was engineered for survivability.

Conclusions:

  • Despite the mission's failure, the detailed design and motivation of Phobos LIFE offer valuable insights for future panspermia research.
  • The experiment's design highlights the challenges of long-duration spaceflight for biological samples.
  • Future missions can build upon the Phobos LIFE design to further investigate interplanetary transfer of life.