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Related Experiment Videos

A factor necessary for normal morphogenetic function of anuran endoderm.

K D Ansevin, B J Williams

    The Journal of Experimental Zoology
    |May 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cytoplasmic factors from frog eggs induce lethal effects or rescue defective development. These factors, absent in early development, appear at the late blastula stage.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental biology
    • Cell biology
    • Embryology

    Background:

    • Normal frog (Rana pipiens) egg cytoplasm contains factors crucial for development.
    • Defective eggs (spontaneously or experimentally produced) exhibit a specific developmental syndrome characterized by abnormal, time-programmed endoderm cytolysis.
    • These developmental factors are stage-specific, emerging later in embryogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of cytoplasmic factors in normal and defective frog egg development.
    • To identify the stage at which these crucial factors appear in the cytoplasm.
    • To determine if these factors can rescue developmentally compromised embryos.

    Main Methods:

    • Preparation of cytoplasmic extracts from normal Rana pipiens eggs at specific developmental stages (late blastulae, early gastrulae).

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  • Injection of these cytoplasmic preparations into normal eggs at the start of cleavage.
  • Injection of cytoplasmic preparations into spontaneously (NS) and experimentally (ES) defective eggs.
  • Observation and analysis of developmental outcomes, including lethal effects and rescue of developmental syndromes.

    • Main Results:

    • Cytoplasmic preparations from late blastulae/early gastrulae induced delayed lethal effects when injected into normal early cleavage eggs.
    • The same preparations successfully rescued some NS and ES defective eggs, alleviating their specific developmental syndrome.
    • The identified lethal and rescue factors were absent in the cytoplasm of normal eggs before the late blastula stage.

    Conclusions:

    • Cytoplasmic factors present from the late blastula stage onwards in Rana pipiens eggs possess both lethal and rescue properties.
    • These factors are critical for normal development and can correct specific developmental defects, including programmed endodermal cytolysis.
    • The absence of these factors in earlier developmental stages highlights their importance in later embryonic progression.