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Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics

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Published on: October 1, 2007

Therapeutic Monosaccharides: Looking Back, Moving Forward.

Paulina Sosicka¹, Bobby G Ng¹, Hudson H Freeze¹

¹Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.

|August 10, 2019

Summary

This review examines mammalian monosaccharide metabolism, focusing on transport, synthesis, and therapeutic uses. It highlights outdated knowledge and identifies biochemical gaps for future research in glycan synthesis and rare genetic disorders.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Metabolic Disorders

Background:

Current understanding of mammalian monosaccharide metabolism largely stems from 1960s-1970s research.
Monosaccharides enter cells via specific transporters, primarily from the SLC2A family.
These sugars can be catabolized or activated into nucleotide sugars for glycan synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the metabolism of mammalian glycan-associated monosaccharides.
To discuss the therapeutic applications of monosaccharides in genetic and common conditions.
To identify biochemical knowledge gaps requiring further investigation.

Main Methods:

Literature review of mammalian monosaccharide metabolism.
Analysis of monosaccharide transport mechanisms (SLC2A family).
Examination of de novo synthesis pathways and nucleotide sugar production.

Main Results:

Monosaccharides are transported into cells by tissue-specific SLC2A transporters.
All nine human nucleotide sugars can be synthesized de novo, primarily from glucose.
Monosaccharides are currently used therapeutically for specific rare genetic and common conditions.

Conclusions:

Significant knowledge gaps exist in mammalian monosaccharide metabolism, necessitating updated research.
Revisiting biochemical pathways is crucial for advancing therapeutic applications of monosaccharides.
Further investigation into glycan synthesis and metabolism holds potential for treating various disorders.