Long noncoding RNAs are involved in multiple immunological pathways in response to vaccination

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Genomics
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Understanding vaccine-elicited protection mechanisms is crucial for developing new vaccines.
• Systems vaccinology offers insights into host responses to vaccination.
• The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in vaccine-induced immunity remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in antibody responses to vaccines.
• To explore the role of lncRNAs in vaccine-induced immune responses.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of over 2,000 blood transcriptome samples from 17 vaccine cohorts.
• Identification of lncRNAs associated with antibody responses to influenza and yellow fever vaccines.
• Utilized RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a pediatric cohort immunized with live attenuated influenza vaccine.

Main Results:

• Created an accessible online database of lncRNA analysis results.
• Identified lncRNAs participating in distinct immunological pathways related to vaccine responses.
• Found lncRNA FAM30A highly expressed in B cells, correlating with immunoglobulin gene expression.
• Observed altered lncRNA expression in children following intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccination.

Conclusions:

• Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are significantly involved in vaccine-induced immune responses.
• lncRNAs play a role in antibody production and B cell function post-vaccination.
• These findings suggest a common role for lncRNAs across diverse vaccine types.