Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

7.9K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
7.9K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.2K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.2K
Bias01:22

Bias

7.2K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
7.2K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments02:46

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

50.4K
Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
50.4K
Diode: Forward bias01:20

Diode: Forward bias

2.1K
In semiconductor devices, diodes play a crucial role in directing current flow, and its operation is primarily categorized into forward bias and reverse bias. A diode is said to be forward-biased when its p-type region is connected to the positive terminal of a battery and its n-type region is linked to the negative terminal. This configuration reduces the potential barrier within the diode, allowing current to flow easily from the p to the n-type region.
The behavior of a diode in forward bias...
2.1K
Biasing of FET01:22

Biasing of FET

686
Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the...
686

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The role of group III/IV afferent feedback in the ventilatory, pressor and metabolic responses to exercise in normoxia and hypoxia.

The Journal of physiology·2026
Same author

Head-to-Head Comparative Evaluation of Four Commercially Available Artificial Intelligence Systems for Detecting Referable Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tanzanian Population.

Diabetes care·2026
Same author

Quality-of-Life and Utility Values Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy in Tanzania.

Value in health regional issues·2026
Same author

Migration and its impact on universal HIV testing and treatment in the HPTN 071 (PopART) study communities.

PLOS global public health·2026
Same author

Effect of low-cost direct ophthalmoscopy training on glaucoma disc assessment by allied ophthalmic personnel students: a controlled pre-post study.

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same author

Cap-adjacent 2'-O-ribose methylation of RNA in C. elegans is required for postembryonic growth and germline development in the presence of the decapping exonuclease EOL-1.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists
05:22

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.8K

Systematic bias in real-world tonometry readings based on laterality?

John C Buchan1,2, David Macleod3, William Hickman4

  • 1Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK. John.Buchan@lshtm.ac.uk.

Eye (London, England)
|August 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ophthalmologists often measure the right eye first, but this study found no significant difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) readings between right and left eyes. However, trends like preferring even numbers suggest potential biases in Goldmann applanation tonometry use.

More Related Videos

Reporter-based Growth Assay for Systematic Analysis of Protein Degradation
07:47

Reporter-based Growth Assay for Systematic Analysis of Protein Degradation

Published on: November 6, 2014

11.1K
Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
05:54

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Published on: October 18, 2018

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists
05:22

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.8K
Reporter-based Growth Assay for Systematic Analysis of Protein Degradation
07:47

Reporter-based Growth Assay for Systematic Analysis of Protein Degradation

Published on: November 6, 2014

11.1K
Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
05:54

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Published on: October 18, 2018

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Clinical Measurement
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Research indicates a tendency for higher intraocular pressure (IOP) in the first eye examined.
  • Clinical practice may involve systematic biases in IOP measurement, potentially affecting population-level data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if clinicians in Yorkshire, UK, routinely measure IOP in the right eye before the left.
  • To determine if such behavioral factors influence IOP readings at a population level.
  • To identify potential systematic biases in IOP measurement using Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 128 direct IOP measurements by 28 ophthalmologists using GAT.
  • Extraction and analysis of 562,360 IOP readings from electronic patient records (Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, 2002-2017).
  • Statistical analysis to detect systematic bias related to laterality, value parity, and identical readings.

Main Results:

  • Right eye IOP was measured first in 87.5% of observed GAT measurements.
  • No statistically significant difference in IOP was found between right (16.95 mmHg) and left (16.96 mmHg) eyes (p=0.121).
  • A preference for even IOP values (63.6%) and identical readings for both eyes (48.9%) were observed.

Conclusions:

  • While laterality did not impact IOP readings, GAT measurement revealed behavioral trends, including a preference for even numbers and identical readings for both eyes.
  • These findings suggest opportunities to improve the utilization of GAT in clinical practice.
  • Behavioral aspects of GAT may introduce subtle biases in real-world IOP measurements.