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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
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Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
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The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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A Huge Pericardial Gossypiboma Causing Severe Cardiac Dysfunction.

Won Kyung Pyo1, Wan Kee Kim1, Joon Bum Kim1

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Gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge, is a rare complication. A large pericardial gossypiboma caused severe cardiac dysfunction 30 years after cardiac surgery, highlighting its potential for serious medical consequences.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Surgical Complications
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge, is a rare postoperative complication.
  • It is particularly uncommon following cardiac surgery, often presenting years later.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with severe cardiac dysfunction.
  • A huge pericardial gossypiboma was detected 30 years after prior cardiac surgery.

Findings:

  • The pericardial gossypiboma was the cause of the patient's severe cardiac dysfunction.
  • This case highlights the significant, delayed impact of gossypiboma.

Implications:

  • Gossypiboma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pericardial masses in patients with a history of cardiac surgery.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent severe cardiac complications.