Race/ethnic variations in school-year versus summer differences in adolescent physical activity

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Health
• Public Health
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Adolescents experience greater weight gain during summer compared to the school year.
• Existing research indicates race/ethnic variations in this summer weight gain pattern.
• Youth physical activity levels typically decrease during summer months.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate race/ethnic and sex differences in adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviors.
• To compare these behaviors between the school year and summer periods.
• To identify factors influencing these seasonal and demographic variations.

Main Methods:

• Recruited adolescents aged 11-17 years from lower-income areas across five states.
• Collected survey data from 207 participants during both school-year and summer periods.
• Utilized accelerometer data from 150 participants for objective physical activity measurement.

Main Results:

• Objectively measured physical activity was lower in summer, especially for American Indian, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Latino youth.
• Self-reported screen time significantly increased during summer (p < .04), with the largest rise among African Americans.
• Enjoyment of physical activity generally decreased in summer (p < .02), potentially explaining reduced activity levels.

Conclusions:

• Race/ethnic and sex disparities in adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior are evident between school and summer.
• Tailored interventions are crucial, as high-risk groups for physical activity and screen time vary.
• Strategies to enhance summer physical activity, particularly for at-risk populations, are vital for youth obesity prevention.