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Prey-predator phenological mismatch under climate change.

Maxime Damien1, Kévin Tougeron2

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Climate change disrupts insect seasonal activity, leading to mismatches between interacting species. These phenological shifts impact food webs and ecosystem services like pest control.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Insect phenology, the timing of seasonal life cycle events, is sensitive to climate change.
  • Changes in insect seasonal activity can cascade through food webs, affecting interacting species.
  • Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation are key drivers of insect responses to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of climate change on insect phenology and interspecies synchrony.
  • To examine the consequences of phenological mismatches between interacting insect species.
  • To explore the effects on population dynamics, species interactions, and ecosystem services.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on insect phenology and climate change.
  • Analysis of studies on synchrony and asynchrony in predator-prey and host-parasitoid interactions.
  • Synthesis of research on life-cycle modifications (voltinism, development rate) in response to climate shifts.

Main Results:

  • Climate change induces alterations in insect life cycles, affecting seasonal activity patterns.
  • Phenological mismatches arise between species at different trophic levels due to varied response rates.
  • Bottom-up effects are more prominent than top-down effects in phenological adjustments within food webs.

Conclusions:

  • Trophic mismatches caused by climate change lead to complex and unpredictable community and ecosystem-level outcomes.
  • Conservation strategies must consider altered species interactions and potential loss of ecosystem services, including biological pest control.
  • Understanding phenological shifts is crucial for predicting the future of insect populations and their ecological roles.