Nanosecond electron holography by interference gating
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
Published on: April 12, 2018
Tolga Wagner1, Tore Niermann1, Felix Urban1
1Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin 10623, Germany.
Abstract:
The interference gating is a novel method for robust time-resolved electron holographic measurements by directly switching the interference. Here, a new arrangement is presented in which a biprism in the condenser aperture as a fast electric phase shifter is used to control the interference pattern. High-frequency stimulation of the electric phase shifter in the gigahertz range are performed and observed via electron holography, proving the feasibility of interference gating in the upper picosecond range. Despite the bandwidth limitation of 180 MHz of the current signal generator, a time resolution of 100 ns is achieved through forward correction of the control signal. With this time resolution, it is already possible to measure the transient response of the biasing holder system. Our method paves the way towards a closer look on fast dynamic processes with high temporal and spatial resolution.
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