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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

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Antibody therapy for Lassa fever.

Robert W Cross1, Kathryn M Hastie2, Chad E Mire1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.

Current Opinion in Virology
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Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting Lassa virus glycoprotein offer a promising new treatment for Lassa fever. A specific MAb cocktail, Arevirumab-3, successfully protected macaques even after infection, paving the way for clinical trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Infectious Disease Therapeutics

Background:

  • Early studies indicated convalescent Lassa fever patient serum was ineffective for protection.
  • Lassa virus (LASV) glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were identified from recovered West African patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop effective Lassa fever immunotherapeutics using human MAbs.
  • To identify and characterize protective epitopes on the LASV glycoprotein.
  • To evaluate MAb efficacy in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • Structural studies and mutational analyses identified protective epitopes on the LASV glycoprotein.
  • Human MAbs were screened for epitope reactivity, potency, and broad LASV lineage coverage.
  • MAbs were downselected using a guinea pig Lassa fever model.
  • A cocktail of three human MAbs (Arevirumab-3) was tested in Cynomolgus macaques.

Main Results:

  • A cocktail of three human MAbs, Arevirumab-3, demonstrated potent neutralizing activity.
  • Arevirumab-3 rescued 100% of Cynomolgus macaques infected with Lassa virus, even at advanced disease stages.
  • The MAbs targeted protective epitopes on the prefusion form of the LASV glycoprotein.

Conclusions:

  • Human monoclonal antibodies represent a viable therapeutic strategy for Lassa fever.
  • Arevirumab-3 shows significant promise as a treatment for Lassa fever.
  • Further clinical development in endemic regions could provide a crucial Lassa fever treatment option.