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Changing antibiotic resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from HIV patients (2012-2017) in Southern

Ravichandran Swathirajan Chinnambedu1, Ragavan Rameshkumar Marimuthu1, Suhas Solomon Sunil2

  • 1Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Y. R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Voluntary Health Services Hospital Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Infection and Public Health
|August 13, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing in HIV patients. This trend complicates treatment and highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of drug resistance in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV/AIDS Research

Background:

  • Emergence of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses significant challenges in managing infections among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients.
  • Periodic monitoring of S. aureus infections and their drug resistance patterns is crucial for effective clinical management in HIV-positive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA, in HIV patients.
  • To assess the trends of S. aureus and MRSA infections over a five-year period in HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Conventional culture techniques and standard biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify S. aureus from 7204 clinical specimens collected from HIV patients between 2012 and 2017.
  • Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated S. aureus strains.

Main Results:

  • A total of 380 (5.3%) S. aureus strains were isolated, predominantly from urine specimens (69.5%), with most infections occurring in hospitalized patients (58.4%).
  • High resistance rates were observed for penicillin (95.2%) and cephalexin (84.6%). Methicillin resistance increased significantly, from 51.8% in 2012 to 86% in 2017.
  • A notable increase in S. aureus infections (35%) and MRSA (76%) was observed in 2016.

Conclusions:

  • This study indicates a rising trend of S. aureus and MRSA infections among HIV patients in Southern India.
  • The multidrug-resistant nature of these S. aureus strains complicates the selection of appropriate antibiotic regimens and impacts patient recovery.
Keywords:
HIV patientsMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusoxacillin, penicillin

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