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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Microfabrication of Nanoporous Gold Patterns for Cell-material Interaction Studies

Microfabrication of Nanoporous Gold Patterns for Cell-material Interaction Studies

Published on: July 15, 2013

Functional Materials for Two-Photon Polymerization in Microfabrication.

Marco Carlotti¹, Virgilio Mattoli¹

¹Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|August 13, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two-photon polymerization (2PP) enables precise 3D micro/nanoscale printing. Functional resins and photoresists are key to creating specialized, high-performance printed structures for novel applications.

Keywords:

conductive microstructures direct laser writing microactuators nanocomposites tunable mechanical properties

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Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

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Published on: September 26, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Additive Manufacturing
Nanotechnology

Background:

Direct laser writing, specifically two-photon polymerization (2PP), is a key technique for fabricating intricate 3D micro/nanostructures.
Advancements in 2PP have focused on improving resolution and feature size.
Tailoring material properties is crucial for expanding 2PP applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state-of-the-art functional resins and photoresists for 2PP.
To discuss the preparation methods for these functional materials.
To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various material classes for specific properties.

Main Methods:

Literature review of functional resins and photoresists for 2PP.
Analysis of material design strategies for conferring specific properties.
Comparison of preparation techniques and their outcomes.

Main Results:

A wide range of functional resins and photoresists are available for 2PP.
Material design allows for precise control over printed structure properties.
Different material classes offer distinct advantages for achieving desired functionalities.

Conclusions:

Functional materials are critical for unlocking novel applications of 2PP.
Careful material selection and preparation are essential for successful 3D micro/nanofabrication.
This review provides a comprehensive overview for researchers developing advanced 2PP materials.