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Related Concept Videos

Gain01:15

Gain

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Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
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In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
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Gain control in the sensorimotor system.

Eiman Azim1, Kazuhiko Seki2

  • 1Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Current Opinion in Physiology
|August 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural circuits coordinate movement by adjusting sensory feedback, a process called sensory gain control. This mechanism tunes sensory impact for stable and adaptive motor behaviors across species.

Keywords:
gain controlmotor correctionsmotor outputmovement stabilityreafferencesensorimotor adaptationsensory feedback

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Coordinated movement relies on continuous interaction between motor output neural circuits and sensory feedback pathways.
  • Effective motor control necessitates mechanisms to regulate the influence of sensory signals on motor pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diverse forms and functions of sensory gain control.
  • To understand how sensory gain control impacts movement stability, execution, and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sensory gain control mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the role of sensory feedback modulation in motor pathways.
  • Cross-species comparison of sensory gain control strategies.

Main Results:

  • Sensory gain control mechanisms adjust feedback gains, reducing them when disruptive and increasing them when advantageous.
  • Functions include attenuating sensory input for stability and filtering self-generated or irrelevant signals.
  • Enhanced sensory signals improve movement execution and facilitate adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory gain control is a fundamental and ubiquitous process across species and nervous system levels.
  • Tuning the impact of sensory feedback on behavioral output is crucial for effective motor control.