Polymethylmethacrylate Pulmonary Embolism Following Kyphoplasty

Area of Science:

• Interventional Radiology
• Pulmonary Medicine
• Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

• Minimally invasive kyphoplasty is a common procedure for vertebral compression fractures.
• Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement is frequently used in kyphoplasty.
• Complications associated with PMMA cement, including leakage, are well-documented.

Observation:

• A patient presented with postoperative rib pain and dyspnea two days after kyphoplasty.
• Chest imaging revealed polymethylmethacrylate cement pulmonary embolism.
• The patient's symptoms mimicked those of a typical thrombotic pulmonary embolism.

Findings:

• Polymethylmethacrylate cement pulmonary embolism is a rare but serious complication following kyphoplasty.
• Early diagnosis via radiography and computed tomography is crucial.
• Prompt anticoagulation management is indicated for cement pulmonary embolism.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering cement embolism in patients with respiratory distress post-kyphoplasty.
• Long-term anticoagulation and close follow-up are essential for managing cement PE.
• Awareness of this complication can improve patient outcomes and guide clinical management strategies.