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Managing gestational diabetes.
Joy A Dugan1, Juliana Ma Crawford
1Joy Dugan is the associate program director and an associate professor in Touro University California's Joint Master of Physician Assistant Studies and Master of Public Health program. She works on the Touro University Diabetes Research, Education, and Management Team. Julianna Ma-Crawford was a student in the PA program at Touro University when this article was written. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Gestational diabetes, diagnosed during pregnancy, requires timely management to prevent complications. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, with insulin used if necessary, following current care standards.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
- Untreated GDM poses risks for fetal, infant, and maternal health.
- Early identification and intervention are crucial for optimal pregnancy outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline screening protocols for gestational diabetes.
- To provide guidance on managing GDM during pregnancy.
- To offer recommendations for postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Review of current American Diabetes Association standards of care.
- Discussion of screening guidelines for GDM.
- Overview of management strategies including lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy.
Main Results:
- Screening protocols enable early detection of GDM.
- Lifestyle modifications (diet, physical activity) are primary treatments.
- Insulin is the preferred medication when lifestyle changes are insufficient.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to established screening and management guidelines improves maternal and infant outcomes.
- Effective GDM management reduces risks during pregnancy.
- Postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes is recommended for women with a history of GDM.
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