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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Radii03:10

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.0K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Synthesis of PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
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Poly(ionic liquid)-Modified Magnetic Janus Particles for Dye Degradation.

Ruotong Zhao1,2, Tianhao Han2, Dayin Sun2

  • 1BNU Key Lab of Environmentally Friendly and Functional Polymer Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paramagnetic Janus particles were modified with poly(ionic liquid)s to create a catalytic solid emulsifier. This novel material can stabilize emulsions and degrade water-soluble dyes, offering a new approach in catalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Janus particles offer unique surface properties for targeted modifications.
  • Paramagnetic nanoparticles provide magnetic manipulability.
  • Poly(ionic liquid)s exhibit tunable properties and catalytic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate Fe3O4@SiO2 paramagnetic Janus particles.
  • To selectively functionalize Janus particles with poly(ionic liquid)s.
  • To develop a catalytic solid emulsifier for dye degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Pickering emulsion method for Janus particle synthesis.
  • In situ ATRP polymerization for poly(ionic liquid) grafting.
  • Anion exchange for wettability tuning.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of Janus particles with distinct surface chemistries.
  • Selective poly(ionic liquid) modification achieved on amino-terminated surfaces.
  • Demonstrated catalytic activity as a solid emulsifier for degrading water-soluble dyes.

Conclusions:

  • Fe3O4@SiO2 Janus particles functionalized with poly(ionic liquid)s serve as effective catalytic solid emulsifiers.
  • The tunable wettability of the particles enhances their performance in emulsion stabilization and catalysis.
  • This work presents a promising platform for advanced catalytic applications.