Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.9K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.9K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

65.0K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
65.0K
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

948
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
948
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

9.2K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
9.2K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.3K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.3K
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

574
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
574

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Anterior Cervical Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

World neurosurgery·2017
Same author

Development of the AOSpine Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma (AOSpine PROST): a universal disease-specific outcome instrument for individuals with traumatic spinal column injury.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2017
Same author

The Role of Multimodal Analgesia in Spine Surgery.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2017
Same author

Evidence-Based Recommendations for Spine Surgery.

Spine·2017
Same author

Does Medicaid Insurance Confer Adequate Access to Adult Orthopaedic Care in the Era of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act?

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2017
Same author

Value-based Insurance Design.

Clinical spine surgery·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection
08:03

In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection

Published on: June 23, 2020

2.7K

Consensus on Implants in Infections After Spine Surgery.

Srikanth N Divi1, Christopher K Kepler, Barrett S Boody

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA.

Clinical Spine Surgery
|August 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Second International Consensus Meeting (ICM) on Musculoskeletal Infection provided recommendations for preventing, diagnosing, and treating spinal infections. This article details consensus on 9 key questions regarding implants in spine surgery.

More Related Videos

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model
09:07

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

Published on: May 31, 2017

8.0K
Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF
08:34

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

437

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection
08:03

In Vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection

Published on: June 23, 2020

2.7K
An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model
09:07

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

Published on: May 31, 2017

8.0K
Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF
08:34

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

437

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The Second International Consensus Meeting (ICM) on Musculoskeletal Infection convened in 2018 to address orthopedic infections.
  • Spinal surgery infection prevention, diagnosis, and treatment were key discussion topics.

Framework:

  • Delegates formed subspecialty groups, including a spine group, to tackle specific issues.
  • 63 questions on spinal infection management were discussed and voted upon.

Implementation:

  • This article focuses on the 9 consensus recommendations concerning implants in spinal surgery.
  • It includes voting results and the rationale behind each recommendation.

Implications:

  • Provides evidence-based guidelines for orthopedic surgeons managing spinal infections.
  • Aims to improve patient outcomes through standardized care for implant-related spinal infections.