Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
Published on: January 11, 2016
Use of Permacol™ to restore depression after temporal muscle flap: A case report
1Department of maxillo-facial and reconstructive surgery and stomatology, Dupuytren University Hospital, 2, avenue Martin Luther-King, 87042 Limoges cedex, France; STROMALab, Inserm U1031, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse University, 31000, Toulouse, France; Department of plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Rangueil University Hospital, 1, avenue Jean-Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
Abstract:
The temporal muscle has been an essential tool in maxillo-facial reconstruction for more than a century. Despite many technical advances, depression in the temporal fossa after its use is a constant issue. There are several ways to fill this defect. However, their efficiency has not been proven. Currently, biomaterials (e.g. polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA] and polyethylene [PE]) are the alternative most frequently used and studied. This is the first case report of temporal depression filling with a porcine dermal matrix (Permacol™). A 58-year-old woman underwent limited maxillectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the upper vestibular mucosa, after which a pure temporalis muscle flap was used for immediate reconstruction. A custom-shaped Permacol™ sheet was used with a PMMA spacer to fill the resulting depression at the temporal fossa. The procedure went smoothly without any complications. The surgeon and the patient are satisfied with the cosmetic result. Permacol™ is a safe and effective tool to fill defects after temporalis muscle flap and is an excellent alternative to other biomaterials currently on the market.
Related Concept Videos
Restorative Care
Long-term Depression
Long-term Depression
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
Depressants
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
Depression: Overview

