Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026
Direct Pressure Monitoring Accurately Predicts Pulmonary Vein Occlusion During Cryoballoon Ablation
Published on: February 26, 2013
The ENETS TNM staging and grading system accurately predict prognosis in patients with rectal NENs
Gabriele Capurso1, Sebastien Gaujoux2, Lorenzo Carlo Pescatori3
1Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, ENETs Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy; Pancreato-biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, ENETs Center of Excellence, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Background:
Factors associated with rectal NENs prognosis are poorly investigated.
Aim:
To evaluate the prognostic role of the ENETs staging and grading systems in rectal NENs.
Methods:
Tertiary referral, multicenter, retrospective study. Factors associated with OS and PFS were investigated by Cox-regression analysis, with best size cut-offs calculated by ROC analysis.
Results:
Of 100 patients (mean age 55, 45% male, mean size 16.2 mm) 62, 5, 10 and 23 were TNM stage 1 to 4, and 63, 15 and 22 were G1, G2 and G3. Primary treatment was endoscopic snare resection in 62%, endoscopic mucosal resection/endoscopic submucosal dissection in 10%, surgery in 20% and medical treatment in 8%. The best size cut-offs to predict OS and PFS were 10 and 12 mm. During a mean follow-up of 40.7 months 12% died and 26% progressed. The 5-year OS and PFS were 79.5% and 65.2%. Stage IV and G3 were associated with worse OS (HR 8.16; p = 0.002; HR 15.57; p = 0.0004) and PFS (HR 14.26 p < 0.0001; HR 6.42; p = 0.0007).
Conclusion:
Both staging and grading accurately predict rectal NENs prognosis. Size alone has limited accuracy as 26% of patients with stage IV and 16% with G3 have a primary tumour≤10 mm.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
01:19Graded Potential
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
02:27Predicting Molecular Geometry
01:15Types of Aggregate Grading
Well-graded aggregates include a complete range of necessary size fractions that fit together to create a dense matrix with minimal voids, represented by a smooth, continuous gradation curve. This type of grading ensures good...
01:19Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves
01:03Prediction Intervals
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.