Risk factors for fall in elderly with diabetes mellitus type 2

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Endocrinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) is a prevalent chronic condition in older adults.
• DMT2 is associated with an elevated risk of falls, leading to morbidity and mortality.
• Identifying fall risk factors in elderly DMT2 patients is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the specific risk factors associated with falls in elderly patients diagnosed with DMT2.
• To provide evidence for developing fall prevention strategies in this vulnerable demographic.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 elderly DMT2 patients.
• Data were collected using the Semi-structured Fall Risk questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
• Convenience sampling was employed at a diabetes center.

Main Results:

• 38.5% of participants reported falls in the past year.
• Good sleep quality (OR=0.45) and appropriate environment (OR=0.6) were linked to reduced odds of recurrent falls.
• Gait problems (OR=1.8), balance difficulties (OR=2.1), hypotension (OR=1.7), and polypharmacy (OR=1.55) were associated with increased odds of recurrent falls.

Conclusions:

• Elderly patients with DMT2 represent a key target group for fall prevention initiatives.
• Early identification of multifactorial fall causes and referral to specialist falls clinics are recommended.
• Interventions should address sleep quality, environmental safety, gait, balance, hypotension, and medication management.