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Related Concept Videos

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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Interconnection between circadian clocks and thyroid function.

Keisuke Ikegami1, Samuel Refetoff2,3, Eve Van Cauter2

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.

Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
|August 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Circadian clock genes regulate daily biological rhythms. Abnormal expression of these genes is found in thyroid cancer, suggesting their potential role in diagnosis.

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In Vivo Monitoring of Circadian Clock Gene Expression in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Using Fluorescence Reporters
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythmicity is driven by cell-autonomous transcription-translation feedback loops of circadian clock genes.
  • The suprachiasmatic nucleus acts as the central pacemaker, regulating peripheral clocks and physiological processes.
  • Chronic circadian disruption is linked to health issues like obesity, diabetes, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of circadian clock genes in thyroid cancer.
  • To explore the potential of thyroid clock machinery for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of circadian clock gene expression profiles.
  • Comparison between well-differentiated thyroid cancer, benign nodules, and healthy thyroid tissue.

Main Results:

  • Expression profiles of circadian clock genes are abnormal in well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
  • No abnormalities in circadian clock gene expression were observed in benign nodules or healthy thyroid tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian clock gene expression patterns differ significantly between thyroid cancer and normal/benign thyroid tissue.
  • Characterizing the thyroid clock machinery may offer a novel approach for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer.