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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

848
Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
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Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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High temperature shockwave stabilized single atoms.

Yonggang Yao1, Zhennan Huang2, Pengfei Xie3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Nature Nanotechnology
|August 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel shockwave heating method stabilizes single atoms at high temperatures, preventing agglomeration. This technique creates durable single-atom catalysts on various substrates, overcoming traditional manufacturing challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high efficiency but suffer from poor stability.
  • High temperatures enhance SAC stability but cause atom agglomeration and substrate damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for synthesizing and stabilizing single atoms at high temperatures.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional high-temperature synthesis for single-atom catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized controllable high-temperature shockwaves via periodic on-off heating (55 ms on, 550 ms off).
  • Achieved synthesis and stabilization of single atoms at 1,500–2,000 K.
  • Demonstrated universality with platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), and cobalt (Co) single atoms on carbon, C3N4, and TiO2 substrates.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized and stabilized single atoms at very high temperatures.
  • The shockwave method prevents atom agglomeration and preserves substrate integrity.
  • Resultant single atoms exhibited superior thermal stability, functioning as durable catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • The facile, ultrafast, and universal shockwave method provides a general route for single-atom manufacturing.
  • This approach enhances the practical applicability of single-atom catalysts by improving their stability.
  • Opens new avenues for producing robust single-atom catalysts for demanding applications.