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Xanthoma of bone.

F Bertoni1, K K Unni, R A McLeod

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|October 1, 1988
PubMed
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Primary xanthoma of bone is a rare, benign condition typically affecting adults. This study analyzed 21 cases, highlighting solitary lesions in flat bones and characteristic radiographic and microscopic findings.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Pathology
  • Skeletal Radiology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Primary xanthoma of bone is a rare entity.
  • Often presents as a solitary lesion in adults.
  • Differential diagnosis includes other bone pathologies and malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features of primary xanthoma of bone.
  • To aid in the differential diagnosis of bone lesions.
  • To emphasize the benign nature and effective treatment of xanthoma of bone.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis of 21 patients with primary xanthoma of bone.
  • Review of clinical presentations, radiographic imaging, and histopathological findings.
  • Comparison with differential diagnoses.

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Main Results:

  • 21 cases of primary xanthoma of bone reported.
  • Most patients were adults (>20 years), with a 2:1 male-female ratio.
  • Solitary lesions predominantly affected flat bones (pelvis, rib, skull), presenting as well-defined lytic lesions radiographically.
  • Histopathology revealed foam cells, giant cells, cholesterol clefts, and fibrosis.
  • No identifiable underlying lesion was found in any case.

Conclusions:

  • Primary xanthoma of bone is a benign condition with characteristic features.
  • Complete or partial surgical removal is an effective treatment.
  • Distinguishing it from metastatic clear cell carcinoma and other histiocytic disorders is crucial.