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Uneven Linguistic Outcome in Extremely Preterm Children
P De Stefano1,2, M Marchignoli3,4, F Pisani3
1Physiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. pia.destefano@hcuge.ch.
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
|August 14, 2019
Summary
Extremely preterm children often face language development issues. While their comprehension is typically strong, their language production, including phonetics and syntax, shows significant delays compared to full-term peers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurodevelopment
- Developmental Psychology
- Linguistics
Background:
- Extremely preterm birth (gestational age < 28 weeks) is associated with a higher risk of atypical language development.
- Early language skills are crucial for overall cognitive and social development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate language comprehension and production in extremely preterm children aged 4-5 years.
- To analyze specific language components: articulatory phonetics, lexicon, and syntax.
- To compare language abilities between extremely preterm children and matched full-term controls.
Main Methods:
- Administered the Preschool Neuropsychological Test (language section) to 20 extremely preterm children and 40 full-term controls.
- Matched participants on chronological age and non-verbal IQ.
- Assessed language comprehension and production across phonetic, lexical, and syntactic domains.
Main Results:
- Language comprehension was unimpaired in the extremely preterm group across all assessed components.
- Significant deficits (p < .001) were observed in language production tasks for the preterm group.
- Specifically, impairments were noted in articulatory phonetics and syntax production.
Conclusions:
- Language acquisition in extremely preterm children can exhibit uneven developmental trajectories.
- Comprehension may be preserved while language production, particularly in phonetics and syntax, is selectively impaired.
- Early identification and intervention for language production challenges are crucial for this population.
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