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Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants
Published on: June 24, 2018
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Tobacco-product usage as a risk factor for dental implants
Fawad Javed1, Irfan Rahman2, Georgios E Romanos1,3
1Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Periodontology 2000
|August 14, 2019
Summary
Nicotine exposure from tobacco products impairs bone healing and osseointegration, increasing the risk of dental implant failure. Further research is needed on vaping and smokeless tobacco effects.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Periodontology
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Tobacco use, including smoking and smokeless products, exposes oral tissues to nicotine and other harmful chemicals.
- Nicotine is known to negatively impact bone healing and osseointegration in animal models.
- Smokers have an increased risk of oral cancer, periodontal disease, and alveolar bone loss.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the existing literature on the effects of nicotine and tobacco products on osseointegration and peri-implant tissues.
- To hypothesize the mechanism by which tobacco smoke chemicals may lead to peri-implant diseases.
- To identify knowledge gaps regarding the impact of novel tobacco products like e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco on dental implant outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of experimental animal studies and clinical observations.
- Analysis of the biochemical pathways involving nicotine, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in peri-implant tissues.
- Identification of risk factors associated with different forms of tobacco consumption.
Main Results:
- Animal studies show nicotine significantly decreases bone-to-implant contact.
- Nicotine elevates inflammatory cytokine production by osteoblasts.
- Elevated proinflammatory cytokines are found in smokers with peri-implant diseases.
Conclusions:
- Tobacco smoking is a significant risk factor for peri-implant diseases and potential implant failure due to inflammation and oxidative stress.
- The effects of nicotine from vaping and the impact of smokeless tobacco on dental implant success are currently unknown and require investigation.
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