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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Probing axons using multi-compartmental diffusion in multiple sclerosis.

Francesca Bagnato1,2, Giulia Franco1,3, Hua Li4

  • 1Neuroimaging Unit/Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
|August 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spherical Mean Technique (SMT) diffusion MRI shows promise for multiple sclerosis (MS) brain imaging. SMT metrics detect pathological changes, suggesting clinical feasibility for MS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with multi-b-value data can reveal tissue microstructure.
  • The Spherical Mean Technique (SMT) offers a novel model to interpret this data.
  • Clinical application of SMT in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain imaging is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply SMT for the first time in MS patients.
  • To assess the clinical feasibility and translational potential of SMT in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen MS patients and nine healthy controls (HCs) underwent 3.0 Tesla MRI, including SMT sequences.
  • Parametric maps of axial diffusivity (AD), apparent axonal volume fraction (Vax), and effective neural diffusivity (Dax) were generated.
  • Generalized linear mixed models analyzed differences in SMT parameters between MS lesions, normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), and healthy white matter (WM).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in AD, Vax, and Dax were observed between chronic black holes (cBHs) and T2-lesions (P ≤ 0.0016).
  • Vax and AD differed between T2-lesions and NAWM (P < 0.0001), but not between NAWM and HC WM.
  • Correlations were found between SMT parameters within cBHs and T2-lesions, indicating relationships between microstructural features.

Conclusions:

  • SMT-derived metrics are sensitive to pathological changes in the MS brain.
  • SMT shows potential for clinical application and translation in multiple sclerosis patients.