[Determining the risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease: possibilities and perspectives]

Dementia in Parkinson's disease (D-PD) worsens the course of PD, and it is associated with a decrease in the quality of life of patients and caregivers, as well as with elevated costs for patient care, and, as a consequence, leads to a significant cost increase in the health management. Early detection of the risk of dementia in patients with PD is one of the challenges of modern clinical neurology. Various methods for the detection of morphologic and functional changes associated with D-PD risk (prognostic biomarkers) were suggested. The aim of this article is a brief review of current achievements in the search for and evaluation of the effectiveness of such biomarkers. The review included the following methods: clinical examination, neuroimaging, examination of biological fluids, genetic analysis, neurophysiological methods and combined methods. Biomarkers of D-PD can contribute to optimization of the selection of pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods of preventing cognitive impairment at early stages of PD, and, therefore, to potential improvement of the overall clinical outcomes.