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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.4K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

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The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics
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An In Vitro Single-Molecule Imaging Assay for the Analysis of Cap-Dependent Translation Kinetics

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IDH1 fine-tunes cap-dependent translation initiation.

Lichao Liu1, J Yuyang Lu1, Fajin Li2

  • 1Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology
|August 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) enhances messenger RNA (mRNA) translation initiation. Loss of IDH1 impairs cap-dependent translation, revealing a novel role for this metabolic enzyme in gene expression regulation.

Keywords:
IDH1RNA-binding proteinproteomic interactometranslation regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a metabolic enzyme crucial for cellular metabolism.
  • Mutations in IDH1 are linked to aberrant gene expression in various cancers.
  • The RNA-binding capacity of IDH1 and its functional implications are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IDH1 in mRNA translation.
  • To elucidate the functional significance of IDH1's RNA-binding activity.
  • To determine IDH1's mechanism in regulating gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to identify IDH1-interacting proteins.
  • Ribosomal profiling to analyze mRNA translation dynamics.
  • MS2-MBP tethering system to assess IDH1's effect on translation independently of its catalytic activity.

Main Results:

  • IDH1 directly associates with polysome mRNA and translation machinery.
  • Loss of IDH1 in ESCs downregulates target polysome-bound mRNAs and impairs translation initiation.
  • IDH1 enhances cap-dependent translation initiation independently of its enzymatic activity.

Conclusions:

  • IDH1 plays a novel role in promoting mRNA translation, specifically at the initiation step.
  • IDH1 fine-tunes cap-dependent translation, offering new insights into gene expression regulation.
  • This discovery may have implications for understanding IDH1's role in cancer.