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Related Concept Videos

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Power

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The concept of work involves force and displacement; meanwhile, the work-energy theorem relates the net work done on a body to the difference in its kinetic energy, calculated between two points on its trajectory. While none of these quantities or relations involves time explicitly, we know that the time available to accomplish work is often just as important as the amount of work itself. For example, sprinters in a race may have achieved the same velocity at the finish, therefore,...
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In definite integration, Riemann sums approximate the area under a curve by dividing it into subintervals and summing the areas of rectangles. When these approximations follow predictable numerical patterns, such as arithmetic or polynomial sequences, sum formulas offer a more efficient and accurate way to compute the result. In particular, the sum of consecutive integers, squares, and cubes plays an essential role in simplifying these calculations, especially when dealing with uniform...
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Power engineers have introduced the concept of complex power to determine the cumulative effect of parallel loads. This idea plays a crucial role in power analysis because it encompasses all the details related to the power consumed by a specific load.
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Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
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A Microelectronic Sensor Device Powered by a Small Implantable Biofuel Cell.

Paolo Bollella1, Inhee Lee2, David Blaauw2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|August 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel enzyme-based biofuel cell powering a wireless temperature sensor. The system autonomously harvests energy from glucose sources, including living organisms, demonstrating potential for remote monitoring and security applications.

Keywords:
biofuel cellimplantable cellmicroelectronic devicepower managementsensor

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Area of Science:

  • Bioelectrochemistry
  • Enzyme-based biofuel cells
  • Biomedical sensors

Background:

  • Enzyme-based biofuel cells offer a sustainable power source.
  • Miniaturized sensors require efficient and autonomous power solutions.
  • Biocompatible power generation is crucial for implanted devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a biocatalytic biofuel cell for powering a microelectronic sensor.
  • To evaluate the biofuel cell's performance in various glucose-containing environments, including biological fluids.
  • To demonstrate autonomous operation of a sensor system powered by the biofuel cell in a living organism.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of buckypaper electrodes modified with glucose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase.
  • Fabrication of a millimeter-scale enzyme-based biofuel cell.
  • Integration of the biofuel cell with a microelectronic temperature-sensing device and power management circuit.
  • Testing in aqueous solutions, human serum, and as an implanted device in a slug (Deroceras reticulatum).

Main Results:

  • The biofuel cell generated electrical power in the range of 2-10 μW.
  • The system successfully powered a temperature-sensing device autonomously.
  • Wireless data readout from the sensor was achieved using energy harvested from the biofuel cell.
  • Demonstrated power generation from glucose in slug hemolymph.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme-based biofuel cells can autonomously power microelectronic sensors using environmental glucose.
  • The developed system shows promise for self-powered, autonomous sensing in diverse applications.
  • Potential applications include environmental monitoring, homeland security, and bioterrorism threat detection.