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Food web structure selects for parasite host range.

A W Park1

  • 1Odum School of Ecology, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|August 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parasite generalism, where parasites infect many host species, is favored when definitive hosts eat broadly. This indicates low costs for parasite generalism in helminths, influencing host-parasite interactions.

Keywords:
complex life cycle parasitediet breadthfitness costfood webparasite specificitytrophic transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Parasitology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Complex life cycle parasites, like helminths, require multiple host types (intermediate and definitive) for completion.
  • Host interactions are influenced by food web dynamics, with definitive host diet breadth potentially impacting parasite transmission.
  • Parasite generalism, the ability to infect a wide range of hosts, may incur fitness costs, but can be advantageous in certain ecological contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the diet breadth of definitive hosts influences the selection of parasite intermediate host range.
  • To explore the role of the cost of parasite generalism in shaping infection strategies.
  • To determine if definitive host diet breadth promotes generalist infection strategies in parasites.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical model to simulate host range selection across varying definitive host diet breadths.
  • Utilizing a helminth-host database and a food web database for empirical analysis.
  • Analyzing the relationship between definitive host diet breadth and parasite intermediate host generalism.

Main Results:

  • The theoretical model demonstrated differential selection of host range strategies based on definitive host diet breadth and the cost of generalism.
  • Empirical data confirmed that a broader diet breadth in definitive hosts is associated with more generalist infection strategies at the intermediate host level.
  • Findings suggest that the costs of generalism for helminth parasites may be relatively low.

Conclusions:

  • Definitive host diet breadth is a significant factor driving the evolution of parasite generalism.
  • Parasitic helminths appear to benefit from generalist strategies due to the feeding ecology of their definitive hosts.
  • The study highlights the interplay between food web structure and parasite life history evolution.