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A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

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LACK OF A THRESHOLD SIZE FOR AUTONOMOUSLY FUNCTIONING THYROID NODULES THAT EXCLUDES HYPERTHYROIDISM.

Poorani Nallam Goundan, Stephanie L Lee

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

|August 15, 2019

Summary

The size of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) does not correlate with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Even small AFTNs can cause hyperthyroidism, and normal TSH does not rule out their presence.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Thyroidology

Background:

Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) can cause hyperthyroidism.
The relationship between AFTN size and thyroid function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if there is a correlation between the size of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) and thyroid function tests.
To identify any potential volume threshold for AFTNs associated with abnormal thyroid function.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 32 patients with a single AFTN diagnosed between 2003 and 2015.
Inclusion criteria required a nuclear thyroid scan confirming AFTN without significant cystic degeneration.
Comparison of AFTN volume with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Main Results:

No statistically significant correlation was found between AFTN volume and TSH levels (r = 0.044).
No specific AFTN volume threshold was identified below which TSH levels were consistently within the reference range.
Findings suggest smaller nodules can still cause hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions:

AFTN size is not a reliable predictor of thyroid function.
Normal TSH levels do not exclude the presence of an AFTN.
Clinicians should consider hyperthyroidism in patients with AFTNs regardless of nodule size.