Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Seeded Bone Biomaterial Directs Fast and Superior Mandibular Bone...

Area of Science:

• Regenerative Medicine
• Biomaterials Science
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Atrophic maxillary ridges pose challenges in oral implantology, with autologous bone grafting having drawbacks like increased morbidity.
• Alternative bone grafting materials are needed to overcome limitations of autologous bone, such as donor site morbidity and limited availability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of an off-the-shelf cell-seeded bone biomaterial for mandibular bone augmentation.
• To compare the osteogenic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-seeded bone microparticles against acellular bone microparticles.

Main Methods:

• A rat model was utilized to assess bone augmentation using cell-seeded and acellular bone microparticles.
• Analyses included micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histology (H&E, Masson's Trichrome), histomorphometry, and immunohistology (TRAP, Osteocalcin, human-specific mitochondria marker).

Main Results:

• Cell-seeded biomaterial demonstrated significantly greater bone volume formation at 4 and 8 weeks compared to acellular controls (p < 0.05).
• Histology showed near-complete substitution of cell-seeded material by 8 weeks, unlike acellular controls.
• Immunohistochemistry revealed higher TRAP and Osteocalcin positive cells in the cell-seeded group, indicating enhanced bone remodeling and viable human MSCs up to 8 weeks.

Conclusions:

• Off-the-shelf cell-seeded bone microparticles significantly enhance mandibular bone augmentation, leading to increased new bone formation.
• This biomaterial promotes faster bone remodeling and provides a viable, readily available alternative to autologous bone grafts for bone regeneration.