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Association between vitamin D and latent tuberculosis infection in the United States: NHANES, 2011-2012
Cheng-Yi Wang1, Yin-Lan Hu2, Ya-Hui Wang3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Background:
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a precursor of active tuberculosis diseases and an important issue in the United States and worldwide. The association between vitamin D deficiency and LTBI is poorly understood.
Methods:
From 2011 to 2012, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) assessed LTBI (according to tuberculin skin testing and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube) and measured serum levels of vitamin D. We evaluated the association between LTBI and vitamin D using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for known confounders.
Results:
The LTBI group had a lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level than the non-LTBI group (p=0.0012). The adjusted risk of LTBI was significantly higher among participants with serum 25(OH)D levels <12 ng/ml (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.27; 95% CI, 1.40-3.66) and 12-19 ng/ml (aOR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.25-2.46) compared to those with a level ≥30 ng/ml. The higher risk of LTBI among the participants with serum 25(OH)D levels <12 ng/ml and 12-19 ng/ml remained unchanged in both male and summer season subgroups.
Conclusions:
A low serum 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with the risk of LTBI in this US cohort.
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