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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Glioblastoma Multiforme heterogeneity profiling with solid-state micropores.

Mohammad G Abdallah1,2,3, Turki I Almugaiteeb4,5, Muhammad Usman Raza1,2,3,6

  • 1Nano-Bio Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.

Biomedical Microdevices
|August 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel micropore sensor to detect glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) subtypes by analyzing cell mechanics. The low-cost device accurately differentiates GBM cell lines and patient samples, aiding in diagnosis.

Keywords:
Biophysical methodsBrain tumor cellsHigh throughput screeningSingle cell analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Oncology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with significant cellular and molecular heterogeneity.
  • Accurate detection of GBM subtypes is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment strategies.
  • Existing diagnostic methods may not fully capture the heterogeneity of GBM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel cell sensor device utilizing solid-state micropores for differentiating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) subtypes.
  • To leverage the mechano-physical properties of GBM cells for subtype classification.
  • To establish a method for rapid and cost-effective GBM subtype identification in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a solid-state 20 μm diameter micropore sensor in a silicon dioxide membrane.
  • Measurement of cell translocation properties and electrical profiles of various GBM cell lines (U251, U87, D54 EGFRviii, G55).
  • Creation of a GBM cell library based on distinct mechano-physical and electrical profiles.

Main Results:

  • Distinct electrical profiles and cell translocation behaviors were observed for each GBM subtype, reflecting their unique phenotypes.
  • The micropore device successfully created a library differentiating GBM cell lines.
  • The device accurately profiled GBM patient samples by comparing them to the established GBM library.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state micropore technology offers a simple, low-cost method for detecting and identifying GBM subtypes.
  • The cell sensor device effectively utilizes mechano-physical properties to distinguish GBM heterogeneity.
  • This approach has potential for clinical application in diagnosis and operation theaters for real-time GBM subtype identification.