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Type A fulminant Clostridium perfringens sepsis indicated RBC/Hb discrepancy; a case report

Masahide Sakaue1, Koshi Ota2, Eriko Nakamura2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 596-8686, Japan. emm011@osaka-med.ac.jp.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|August 17, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Clostridium perfringens septicemia is a rare but fatal condition causing massive intravascular hemolysis. Prompt recognition of red blood cell and hemoglobin discrepancies in infected patients is crucial for rapid treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Medical microbiology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Emergency medicine

Background:

  • Clostridium perfringens causes various infections, including food poisoning and gas gangrene.
  • C. perfringens septicemia, though rare, can lead to hemolysis and rapid deterioration in emergency settings.

Observation:

  • A 76-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea, exhibiting a significant discrepancy between red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels, indicative of massive intravascular hemolysis.
  • Computed tomography revealed liver abscesses with gas. The patient's condition rapidly worsened, leading to cardiopulmonary arrest.

Findings:

  • Blood cultures confirmed C. perfringens as the causative agent.
  • The clinical presentation highlighted the potential for C. perfringens septicemia to cause severe intravascular hemolysis and rapid decline.

Implications:

  • A discrepancy between red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels during infection should raise suspicion for C. perfringens septicemia in emergency departments.
  • Early identification and prompt treatment are critical for improving outcomes in patients with C. perfringens septicemia and associated hemolysis.
Keywords:
Clostridium perfringensHemolysisLiver abscessSepsisShock

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