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Is low birth weight an additional risk factor for hypertension in paediatric patients after kidney transplantation?

Larissa Badim Santos1, Luana Meireles Borges1, Livia Victorino Souza1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
|August 17, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant risk factor for hypertension after kidney transplants in children. This study identified LBW as a key predictor, highlighting the need for increased clinical awareness in pediatric transplant recipients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Hypertension (HTN) is a frequent complication post-kidney transplant in children.
  • Low birth weight (LBW) is a known cardiovascular disease risk factor, but its impact on post-transplant HTN is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between LBW and the development of HTN in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
  • To identify risk factors for post-transplantation HTN in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from 96 pediatric kidney recipients.
  • Inclusion criteria applied, resulting in 83 patients for final analysis.
  • Multivariate logistic regression used to determine predictors of post-transplantation HTN.

Main Results:

  • Post-transplantation HTN occurred in 54% of pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
  • Significant predictors of HTN included time from transplant >14 months, current chronic kidney disease (CKD), LBW, and overweight/obesity.
  • LBW was identified as a significant independent risk factor (OR 3.6, P=0.044).

Conclusions:

  • Low birth weight is a novel and significant predictive factor for developing hypertension after kidney transplantation in children.
  • Clinicians should consider LBW as an important risk factor, prompting closer monitoring in pediatric kidney transplant patients.

Keywords:
Low birth weightchildrenkidney transplantpost-transplantation hypertension

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