Thrombocytosis: Perioperative Considerations for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Thrombocytosis is an uncommon yet important laboratory abnormality with significant considerations for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The etiology of thrombocytosis can be categorized by those related to reactive processes; acquired platelet disorders (ie, myeloproliferative neoplasms, hematologic malignancies); or inherited platelet disorders (ie, hereditary thrombocythemia). A foundational understanding of the normal physiologic function of platelets and the abnormalities associated with each of these disorders is critical when considering implications and optimization to prevent perioperative complications. This review systematically outlines the platelet disorders that cause thrombocytosis with an emphasis on how the disorder affects normal physiologic processes, summarizes the literature related to the disorder, and the describes the implications and recommendations for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.