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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression
Published on: March 17, 2020
Nivolumab-induced Third Degree Atrioventricular Block in a Patient with Stage IV Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma
Hazim S Bukamur1, Haitem Mezughi2, Emhemmid Karem1
1Internal Medicine, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, USA.
Abstract:
In the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors, pulmonary and critical care physicians frequently encounter patients taking these medications, usually after being admitted to the intensive care unit with life-threatening complications. These complications are rare, present with nonspecific and vague symptoms, which may delay the treatment and have high mortality. We report a very rare complication, with only two previously reported cases of a severe and potentially fatal side effect associated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy with nivolumab. We provide a literature review to increase physicians' awareness about this rare side effect and suggest some recommendations derived from our experience.
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