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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates
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Untethered microgripper-the dexterous hand at microscale.

Chao Yin1, Fanan Wei2,3, Ziheng Zhan1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.

Biomedical Microdevices
|August 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Untethered microgrippers offer advanced capabilities for biomedical applications. This review categorizes wireless microgrippers by actuation mechanism, fabrication, and applications, highlighting future potential.

Keywords:
BiomedicineMicrogripperStimuli-responsiveUntethered

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Robotics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Untethered microgrippers are crucial for complex biomedical tasks like targeted drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery.
  • Wireless microgrippers offer advantages over tethered systems, including miniaturization and autonomous motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize untethered microgrippers based on their actuation mechanisms.
  • To summarize fabrication methods and applications of these microgrippers.
  • To compare different actuation methods and discuss challenges and future outlook.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of microgrippers into five classes: thermal, magnetic, chemical, light-driven, and hybrid actuation.
  • Review of actuation mechanisms, fabrication techniques, and application areas.
  • Comparative analysis of different microgripper actuation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of five classes of untethered microgrippers.
  • Summary of fabrication methods and diverse biomedical applications.
  • Comparative analysis highlighting advantages and challenges of various actuation mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Untethered microgrippers are promising microtools for future biomedical applications.
  • Further development is needed to overcome challenges in actuation and fabrication.
  • Significant potential exists for advancements in targeted therapies and minimally invasive procedures.