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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
Published on: May 30, 2011
Practical considerations for territorial perfusion mapping in the cerebral circulation using super-selective
Jonas Schollenberger1, C Alberto Figueroa1,2, Jon-Fredrik Nielsen1,3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Purpose:
This paper discusses several challenges faced by super-selective pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling, which is used to quantify territorial perfusion in the cerebral circulation. The effects of off-resonance, pulsatility, vessel movement, and label rotation scheme are investigated, and methods to maximize labeling efficiency and overall image quality are evaluated. A strategy to calculate the territorial perfusion fractions of individual vessels is proposed.
Methods:
The effects of off-resonance, label rotation scheme, and vessel movement on labeling efficiency were simulated. Two off-resonance compensation strategies (multiphase prescan, field map), cardiac triggering, and vessel movement were studied in vivo in a group of 10 subjects. Subsequently, a territorial perfusion fraction map was acquired in 2 subjects based on the mean vessel labeling efficiency.
Results:
Multiphase calibration provided the highest labeling efficiency (P = .002) followed by the field map compensation (P = .037) compared with the uncompensated acquisition. Cardiac triggering resulted in a qualitative improvement of the image and an increase in signal contrast between the perfusion territory and the surrounding tissue (P = .010) but failed to show a significant change in temporal and spatial SNR. The constant clockwise label rotation scheme yielded the highest labeling efficiency. Significant vessel movement (>2 mm according to simulations) was observed in 50% of subjects. The measured territorial perfusion fractions showed good agreement with anatomical data.
Conclusion:
Optimized labeling efficiency resulted in increased image quality and accuracy of territorial perfusion fraction maps. Labeling efficiency depends critically on off-resonance calibration, cardiac triggering, optimal label rotation scheme, and vessel location tracking.
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