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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye
Published on: July 5, 2022
Aqueous Humour Cytokine Changes with Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant Injection for Diabetic Macular Edema
Marc Figueras-Roca1,2, Anna Sala-Puigdollers1,2, Socorro Alforja1,2
1Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract:
Purpose: To assess changes in aqueous humor (AH) levels of cytokines following dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX) injection for diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods: Sixteen DME and cataract cases series study. Anterior chamber AH sampling was performed at baseline at DEX injection time (T1), cataract surgery 8 weeks afterward (T2), and whenever DME relapsed (T3) in order to assess changes in IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, IP-10, TNF-α, and VEGF levels.Results: IP-10 and MCP-1 levels significantly decreased at T2 (p = .034 and p = .044, respectively) compared to baseline (T1). Relapsed DME cases (T3) showed significantly higher levels of IL-6 (p = .028), IL-8 (p = .005), IP-10 (p = .013) and MCP-1 (p = .005) compared to T2.Conclusion: IP-10 and MCP-1 AH levels seem to be related to DEX intraocular action, decreasing after injection and increasing when DME relapses. In addition, IL-6 and IL-8 may play a role in DME late evolution and clinical relapse beyond DEX effect.
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