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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
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Glomerular Filtration01:15

Glomerular Filtration

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The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
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Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure01:26

Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure

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Glomerular filtration, a key process in the kidneys, is regulated by three main pressures: Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP).
GBHP, with an average value of 55 mmHg, promotes filtration by pushing water and solutes through the filtration membrane. This is balanced by two opposing forces: CHP, a "back pressure" exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid already in the capsular space and renal...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration01:02

Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production occurs. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent arterioles....
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
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Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Glomerular Filtration01:17

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Glomerular Filtration

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production takes place. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent...
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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mice
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[Measurement of glomerular filtration rate using a reference method].

Laurence Chardon1, Laurence Dubourg2, Chantal Barin-Le Guellec3

  • 1Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de biochimie, Lyon, France.

Annales De Biologie Clinique
|August 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iohexol is the preferred marker for direct glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement in France, replacing inulin. Direct GFR assessment is crucial when creatinine-based estimates are unreliable, ensuring accurate kidney function evaluation.

Keywords:
glomerular filtration rateindicationsiohexolmeasurementrecommendations

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard for assessing kidney function.
  • Following the withdrawal of inulin-based assays, iohexol is now the most suitable marker for GFR determination in France.
  • Creatinine-based estimated GFR (eGFR) can be inaccurate in specific clinical situations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish iohexol as the primary marker for direct GFR measurement in France.
  • To outline the recommended protocols and indications for direct GFR measurement using iohexol.
  • To provide guidance on using direct GFR measurement as a confirmatory test when eGFR is inadequate.

Main Methods:

  • Iohexol plasma clearance measurement using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection or mass spectrometry.
  • Utilization of single-sample or multiple-sample plasma clearance protocols, with multiple samples offering improved accuracy in certain scenarios.
  • Consideration of urinary clearance protocols in specific clinical contexts.

Main Results:

  • Iohexol plasma clearance assays are reliable for direct GFR measurement.
  • Single-sample protocols are common, but multiple-sample protocols enhance accuracy for specific patient populations.
  • Direct GFR measurement is recommended for living kidney donor evaluation, post-transplant allograft monitoring, and managing patients on narrow therapeutic index drugs with unreliable eGFR.

Conclusions:

  • Iohexol is the recommended marker for direct GFR measurement in France.
  • Direct GFR measurement is essential for accurate kidney function assessment in specific clinical scenarios.
  • Adherence to recommended protocols ensures reliable GFR assessment for critical patient management and research.