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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
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The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia-associated cardiac dysfunction.

Neil Patel1, Anna Claudia Massolo2, Florian Kipfmueller3

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.

Seminars in Perinatology
|August 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac dysfunction significantly impacts congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) severity and outcomes. Early assessment of heart function and pulmonary pressures can guide treatment, potentially improving survival rates in CDH patients.

Keywords:
Cardiac functionCongenital diaphragmatic herniaEchocardiographyPulmonary hypertensionVentricular function

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Neonatal Physiology
  • Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research

Background:

  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a complex condition with significant neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Cardiac dysfunction, affecting both ventricles, is increasingly recognized as a critical component of CDH pathophysiology.
  • Ventricular dysfunction in CDH is linked to disease severity, increased need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the pivotal role of cardiac dysfunction in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).
  • To emphasize the importance of early and routine assessment of ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure in CDH management.
  • To explore how optimizing cardiac function may improve clinical outcomes for CDH patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence linking cardiac dysfunction to CDH pathophysiology and outcomes.
  • Analysis of the clinical implications of early ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure assessment.
  • Discussion of potential therapeutic strategies targeting cardiac dysfunction in CDH.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac dysfunction is a common and significant issue in neonates with CDH.
  • Early assessment of cardiac parameters can inform critical clinical decisions.
  • Adverse outcomes such as mortality and need for ECMO are associated with cardiac dysfunction in CDH.

Conclusions:

  • Routine cardiac assessment in CDH is crucial for guiding individualized treatment strategies.
  • Interventions aimed at minimizing cardiac dysfunction, through prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal means, hold promise for improving CDH outcomes.
  • Addressing cardiac dysfunction is a key therapeutic target for enhancing survival and reducing morbidity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.