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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
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First trimester termination of pregnancy.

Man-Wa Lui1, Pak-Chung Ho1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 6/F, Professorial Block, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|August 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

First trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) is safe and effective. Surgical abortion via vacuum aspiration (VA) has a 97% success rate, while medical abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol achieves 95% success.

Keywords:
First trimesterMifepristoneMisoprostolTermination of pregnancyVacuum aspiration

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • First trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) is a common procedure.
  • Both surgical and medical methods are available for TOP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of surgical and medical abortion methods for first-trimester TOP.
  • To outline recommended protocols and potential complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on surgical (Vacuum Aspiration - VA) and medical abortion.
  • Analysis of success rates, complication risks, and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Surgical abortion (VA) has a complete abortion rate of approximately 97% with low rates of significant bleeding (≤5%) and major complications (<1%).
  • Medical abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol has a 95% complete abortion rate, with potential need for repeated doses, especially after 9 weeks gestation.
  • Prophylactic antibiotics, pre-operative misoprostol, and screen-and-treat strategies can reduce infection risk after VA. Gastrointestinal upset is common with medical abortion, but major complications are rare.

Conclusions:

  • First-trimester TOP via VA or medical management is safe and effective.
  • Specific protocols and precautions can optimize outcomes and minimize risks for both methods.