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Infant Facial Paralysis Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Marta E Álvarez-Argüelles1, Susana Rojo-Alba1, Mercedes Rodríguez Pérez1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Unit of Virology, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.

The American Journal of Case Reports
|August 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Peripheral facial paralysis in infants can stem from infections like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Early diagnosis of viral causes is crucial for effective management and preventing long-term effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Peripheral facial paralysis presents a diagnostic challenge in pediatric patients.
  • Etiologies range from congenital and neurological to infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, or metabolic origins.
  • While often benign, prompt diagnosis is essential for appropriate management.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 23-month-old male infant with peripheral facial paralysis.
  • Symptoms were linked to an upper respiratory infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
  • Diagnostic findings included leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, stimulated lymphocytes, and positive serology for recent EBV infection.

Findings:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome was detected in both pharyngeal swab and serum samples.
  • Viral load measurements confirmed EBV presence: 5.08 log copies/1000 cells in swabs and 3.72 log copies/mL in serum.
  • Serological tests indicated recent EBV infection with positive IgM anti-VCA and negative IgG anti-VCA/anti-EBNA.

Implications:

  • This case highlights viral infections, specifically EBV, as a potential cause of peripheral facial paralysis in children.
  • Early etiological determination is critical for timely and effective treatment strategies.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management aid in evaluating treatment response and preventing permanent sequelae.

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