Oral Administration of Clinically Relevant Antimalarial Drugs Does Not Modify the Murine Gut Microbiota

Malaria is an infectious disease responsible for the death of around 450,000 people annually. As an effective vaccine against the parasite that causes malaria is not available, antimalarial drug treatments are critical in fighting the disease. Previous data has shown that the gut microbiota is important in modulating the severity of malaria. Although it is well appreciated that antibiotics substantially alter the gut microbiota, it is largely unknown how antimalarial drugs impact the gut microbiota. We show here that the two commonly used artemisinin combination therapies of artesunate plus amodiaquine and artemether plus lumefantrine do not change the gut microbiota. The overall relative species abundance and alpha diversity remained stable after treatment, while beta diversity analysis showed minimal changes due to drug treatment, which were transient and quickly returned to baseline. Additionally, treatment with antimalarial drugs did not change the kinetics of later Plasmodium infection. Taken together, antimalarial drug administration does not affect the gut microbiota.