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Updated: Jan 20, 2026
09:41
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
12.0K
Chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis - seeing what was always there
1Department of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. p.matthews@imperial.ac.uk.
Nature Reviews. Neurology
|August 18, 2019
Summary
Advanced MRI techniques can now detect subtle brain inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS) by visualizing innate immune cell activity. These methods offer new ways to manage MS patient care and develop targeted therapies.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Radiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Histopathology shows innate immune cell activation in multiple sclerosis (MS) brains and spinal cords.
- Conventional MRI cannot detect this inflammatory activity effectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advanced MRI techniques for visualizing chronic inflammation in MS.
- To explore how these techniques can improve patient care and therapy development.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative dynamic MRI with contrast agents to assess blood-brain barrier integrity and myeloid cell trafficking.
- New MRI sequences for enhanced grey matter lesion detection.
- Quantitative lesion volume and magnetic resonance susceptibility imaging for macrophage activity.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for innate immune activation.
Main Results:
- Advanced MRI methods are sensitive to blood-brain barrier changes and inflammatory cell presence.
- New sequences improve grey matter lesion visualization.
- Quantitative measures and susceptibility imaging detect macrophage activity in white matter lesions.
- PET and spectroscopy detect innate immune activation in the central nervous system.
Conclusions:
- Advanced imaging techniques are becoming clinically practical for visualizing chronic MS inflammation.
- These methods can aid in patient stratification for improved care.
- New imaging tools support the development of novel MS therapies.
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